loan(1) (iou) and Adanson, Michel (sh)

loan(1) (iou)

loan noun1. ME.

A gift or grant from a superior. ME-L15.
A thing that is lent; esp. a sum of money lent to an individual, organization, etc., often at interest. ME.
J. Wilcox She was in the middle of discussing a loan with a client at the bank. J. N. Isbister He remained very poor, dependent..upon loans made to him by his wealthier friends.
b. A word, custom, etc., adopted by one people from another. M18.
a. The action or an act of lending; the state of being lent. Freq. in on loan, acquired or given as a loan. ME.
J. Adams I am much obliged to you..for the loan of this precious collection of memorials.
b. The action of hiring or letting. E17-L18.
a. A contribution of money, formerly often a forced one, from a private individual or public body towards the expenses of the State, the amount of which is acknowledged by the Government as a Debt; a sum of money so contributed. LME.
b. An arrangement by which a Government receives advances of money on specified conditions, esp. the payment of stipulated interest. M18.
Phrases: savings and loan: see SAVING noun 3. soft loan: see SOFT adjective. subordinated loan: see SUBORDINATE verb 2.
Comb.: loan-bank an establishment from which poor people could borrow money at low interest; loan-blend a compound word consisting of both native and foreign elements; loan capital the part of the capital of a company etc. that has to be repaid, usu. at a stipulated rate of interest, irrespective of profits; loan-collection a collection of works of Art, curiosities, etc., lent by their owners for exhibition; loan-farm S. Afr. a piece of land loaned to a farmer by the Government; loanholder a person who holds debentures or Other acknowledgements of a loan; a mortgagee; loan-money (a) money payable as a contribution to a government loan; (b) money advanced as a loan; loan-monger derog. a person who negotiates loans; loan-office (chiefly US) (a) an office for lending money to private borrowers; (b) an office for receiving subscriptions to a government loan; loan-place S. Afr. = loan-farm above; loan shark colloq. a person who lends money at exorbitant rates of interest; loan-sharking colloq. the lending of money at exorbitant rates of interest; loan-shift a change in the meaning of a word resulting from the influence of a foreign language; a word so affected; loan-translation an expression adopted by one language from another in more or less literally translated form, a calque; loanword a word adopted or borrowed, usu. with little modification, from another language.

Adanson, Michel (sh)

born April 7, 1727, Aix-en-Provence, France
died Aug. 3, 1806, Paris

French botanist.

He studied theology, classics, and philosophy in Paris before traveling to Senegal, where he lived several years. He returned with a large collection of plant specimens, now in the National Museum of Natural History. In Families of Plants (1763), he described his classification system; it was opposed by Carolus Linnaeus, whose system eventually prevailed. He was the first to classify mollusks. He also studied electricity in torpedo fish and the effects of electrical current on regenerating frog legs and heads. He is now known mainly for introducing the use of statistical methods in botanical studies.

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