medium (iou) and start 1, verb (oh)

medium (iou)

medium noun & adjective. , -iums. See also MEDIA noun2. L16.
[Latin, lit. 'middle, midst', (in medieval Latin) 'means', use as noun of medius MID adjective. Cf. French medium.]
A. noun.
A middle quality, degree, or condition; something intermediate in Nature or degree. L16.
I. Milner Is there no medium between going to Court, and going a hunting?
b. Moderation. L17-L18.
Logic. The middle term of a syllogism; a ground of proof or inference. L16-E19.
a. An intervening substance through which a force acts on objects at a distance or through which impressions are conveyed to the senses, as air, water, etc. L16.
fig.: H. James The intensely habitual stillness offered a submissive medium to the sound of a distant church bell. D. Jacobson What a strange medium time is: transparent when you look back..opaque when you..look forward.
b. A pervading or enveloping substance; the substance in which an organism lives or is cultured; fig. one's environment, one's usual social setting. M17.
G. Grote You cannot thus abstract any man from the social medium by which he is surrounded. A. Hardy The shape of a fish is..all-important in a fluid medium.
A (geometric or arithmetic) mean; an average. E17-E19.
An intermediate agency, instrument, or channel; a means; spec. a channel of mass communication, as newspapers, Radio, Television, etc. See also MEDIA noun2. E17.
Sloan Wilson Television is developing into the greatest medium for mass Education and Entertainment. H. Read If we have ideas to express, the proper medium is Language.
a. A person acting as an intermediary, a mediator. rare. E19.
b. (Pl. -iums.) A person thought to be in contact with the spirits of the dead and to communicate between the living and the dead. M19.
A liquid substance with which a pigment is mixed for use in painting. Also, anything used as a raw material by an artist etc.; a style or variety of Art, as determined by the materials or artistic form used. M19.
H. Belloc Four pictures were set in the walls..mosaics, they seemedbut he did not examine their medium closely. Sunday Express Water colour is his medium. Rosemary Manning Despite my occasional wish that I had been a painter..words are my medium.
b. Photography. A varnish used as a material in retouching. L19.
Theatrical. A screen fixed in front of a light source in order to throw a coloured light on a stage. M19.
Commerce. A medium-dated Security. M20.
Phrases: circulating medium: see CIRCULATE. contrast medium: see CONTRAST noun. happy medium: see HAPPY adjective. mass medium: see MASS noun2 & adjective. medium of circulation, medium of exchange a thing serving as the instrument of commercial transactions, as coin, notes, etc. TYRODE's medium.
b. adjective.
Average, mean. L17-E19.
Intermediate between two or more degrees in size, character, amount, quality, etc.; spec. (a) (of paper) between royal and demy in size, usu. 600 470 mm; (b) (of Wine etc.) having a flavour midway between dry and sweet; (c) (of meat) cooked between well done and rare. E18.
A. Judd He was of medium height, slightly built. T. Berger You don't want a violent boil; just..firm and medium, a little higher than a simmer.
Special collocations & comb.: medium bowler Cricket a bowler who bowls at a medium pace. medium bowling Cricket: in which the ball travels at a medium speed. medium close-up a cinematic or Television shot intermediate between a medium shot and a close-up. medium-dated adjective (Commerce) (of a Security) having between five and fifteen years until expiry. medium frequency an intermediate frequency (of oscillation); spec. a frequency of a medium wave, between 300 and 3000 kilohertz. medium-pacer colloq. (Cricket) = medium bowler above. medium-range adjective (of an aircraft etc.) able to Travel a medium distance. medium rare (of meat) cooked between medium and rare. medium shot a cinematic or Television shot intermediate between a close-up and a long shot. medium wave Telecommunications a Radio wave with wavelength between a hundred metres and a kilometre.
mediumism noun the practices or profession of a spiritualistic medium M19.
mediu'mistic adjective of, pertaining to, or having the characteristics of a spiritualistic medium M19.
mediumly adverb moderately, to a medium or average extent E20.
mediumship noun (a) the state or condition of being or acting as a spiritualistic medium; (b) intervening agency, intermediation: M19.

start 1, verb (oh)

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1 ?begin doing something?
2 ?begin happening?
3 ?begin in a particular way?
4 ?business/organization?
5 ?job/school?
6 ?car/engine etc?
7 ?begin going somewhere?
8 ?life/profession?
9 ?road/river/path etc?
10 ?prices/amounts?
11 start from scratch/zero
12 ?deliberately begin something?
13 to start with
14 be back where you started
15 ?Sports?
16 start a family
17 start afresh/anew
18 somebody started it!
19 start something/anything
20 ?move suddenly?
21 start young
22 Don't (you) start!
Phrasal verbs
start back
start in
start off
start on somebody/something
start out
start over
start up
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[Language: Old English; Origin: styrtan 'to jump']
?BEGIN DOING SOMETHING?
[I and T] to do something that you were not doing before, and continue doing it
-synonym begin begin
::There's so much to do, I don't know where to start.
::Have you started your homework?
start doing sth
::Then the baby started crying.
start to do sth
::It's starting to rain.
::He got up and started running again .
::I'd better get started (=start doing something) soon.
start sb doing sth
::What Kerry said started me thinking (=made me start thinking) .
?BEGIN HAPPENING?
[I and T] also start off
to begin happening, or to make something begin happening
::What time does the Film start?
::Lightning started a fire that burned 500 acres.
::The party was just getting started when Sara arrived.
starting (from) now/tomorrow/next week etc
::You have two hours to complete the test, starting now.
?BEGIN IN A PARTICULAR WAY?
[I always + adverb/preposition, T] also start off
to begin something in a particular way, or to begin in a particular way
::A healthy breakfast is a good way to start the day.
start with
::The festivities started with a huge fireworks display.
start as
::The restaurant started as a small takeout place.
start badly/well/slowly etc
::Any new Exercise program should start slowly.
start (sth) by doing sth
::Chao starts by explaining some basic legal concepts.
?BUSINESS/ORGANIZATION?
[T] also start up
to make something begin to exist
start a business/company/firm etc
::She wanted to start her own catering business.
?JOB/SCHOOL?
[I and T] to begin a new job, or to begin going to school, college etc
::When can you start?
start school/college/work
::I started college last week.
?CAR/ENGINE ETC?
[I and T] also start up
if you start a car or engine, or if it starts, it begins to work
::The car wouldn't start this morning.
get the car/engine etc started
::He couldn't get his motorbike started.
?BEGIN GOING SOMEWHERE?
[I] also start off/out
to begin travelling or moving in a particular direction
-synonym set out set out
::We'll have to start early to get there by lunchtime.
?LIFE/PROFESSION?
[I always + adverb/preposition, T] also start off/out
to begin your life or profession in a particular way or place
start as/in
::She started as a dancer in the 1950s.
::It's difficult for new lawyers to get started in private practice.
?ROAD/RIVER/PATH ETC?
[I always + adverb/preposition] if a river, road, path etc starts somewhere, it begins in that place
::The trail starts immediately behind the hotel.
start in/at
::The race will start at the town hall.
?PRICES/AMOUNTS?
[I always + adverb/preposition] if prices, amounts, or rates start at or from a particular number, that is the lowest number at which you can get or buy something
start at/from
::Room prices start from ￡25 a night.
start from scratch/zero
to begin doing a job or activity completely from the beginning
::There were no textbooks, so the teachers had to start from scratch.
?DELIBERATELY BEGIN SOMETHING?
[T] to deliberately make something start happening, especially something bad
::I started a fire to warm the place up.
start a fight/argument
::Oh, don't go trying to start an argument.
::Other girls were starting rumours about me.
to start with
spoken a) said when talking about the beginning of a situation, especially when it changes later
::I was pretty nervous to start with, but after a while I was fine.
b) said to emphasize the first of a list of facts or opinions you are stating
::There are problems. To start with, neither of us likes housework.
be back where you started
to try to do something and fail, so that you finish in the same situation that you were in before
::A lot of people who lose weight gain it back over time, and end up back where they started.
?Sports?
[I and T] if a player starts in a game, or if someone starts them, they begin playing when the game begins, especially because they are one of the best players on the team
start for
::Astacio started for the Dodgers on Tuesday night.
start a family
to have your first baby
::We're not ready to start a family yet.
start afresh/anew
to stop doing what you are doing and begin doing it again in a better or different way
::She saw her new job as a chance to start afresh.
sb started it!
spoken used to say that someone else has caused an argument or problem
::'Don't hit her!' 'But she started it!'
start sth/anything
to begin causing trouble
::It looks like Jess is trying to start something.
?MOVE SUDDENLY?
[I] to move your body suddenly, especially because you are surprised or afraid
-synonym jump jump
::A loud knock at the door made her start.
start from
::Emma started from her chair and rushed to the window.
start young
to begin doing something when you are young, especially when it is unusual to do it
::Woods started young, and was coached by his father.
Don't (you) start!
BrE spoken used to tell someone to stop complaining, arguing, or annoying you
::'Mum, I don't like this ice-cream.' 'Oh, don't you start!'
start back phr v
to begin returning to the place you came from
start back to/down/up etc
::I started back down the mountain to camp.
start in phr v
to begin doing something, especially with a lot of effort
::I decided to just start in and see what I could do.
start in on
::Lilly started in on her burger.
to begin criticizing someone or complaining to them about something
start in on
::Mom turned away from Rose and started in on me.
start off phr v
to begin something in a particular way, or to begin in a particular way
start sth ←→ off with sth/by doing sth
::The Theater company started off their new season with a Shakespeare play.
start off with sth/by doing sth
::I started off by drawing the flowers I had collected the day before.
to be a particular thing or have a particular quality at the beginning of something, especially when this changes later
::The puppies start off white, and get their black spots later.
start off as
::The Games start off as a social event, but players soon become competitive.
::I started off as a drummer.
start sth ←→ off
to make something begin happening
::We're not sure what starts the process off.
start sb ←→ off
to help someone begin an activity
start somebody ←→ off with
::He started me off with some stretching exercises.
to begin going somewhere
::I sat in the car for a few minutes before starting off.
start off to/towards/back etc
::She started off to school in her new uniform.
start sb off
BrE informal to make someone get angry or start laughing, by saying something
::Don't say that; that'll just start him off.
start sb off doing sth
::He made her jump, and that started her off giggling.
start on / [start on sb/sth] phr v
to begin doing something or using something
::You'd better start on your homework.
start sb on sth
to make someone start doing something regularly, especially because it will be good for them
::Try starting your baby on solid foods at four months old.
BrE informal to begin criticizing someone or complaining to them about something
start on somebody/something at
::Ray's wife started on at him about spending too much time in the pub.
start out phr v
to begin happening or existing in a particular way, especially when this changes later
start out as
::'The Star' started out as a small weekly newspaper.
::The leaves start out a pale green, and later get darker.
to begin your life or profession, or an important period of time
::When the band first started out, they played at small clubs.
start out as
::She started out as a model.
start out on
::young couples starting out on their life together
to begin going somewhere
::Oliver started out at five, when it was still dark.
start over phr v
to start doing something again from the beginning, especially because you want to do it better
::If you make a mistake, just erase it and start over.
start up phr v
if you start up a business, company etc, or it starts up, it begins to exist
::Tax breaks help new companies start up.
start sth←→ up
::Jordan started up a band of his own.
if an engine, car etc starts up, or you start it up, it begins working
::The driver got back into the car and started up.
start sth←→ up
::Rory started up the engine and got the vehicle moving.
if a sound, activity, or event starts up, it begins to exist or happen
::The crickets had started up now that it was evening.

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