village (iou) and instrumentation (sh)

village (iou)

village noun. LME.
[Old French, from Latin villa: see VILLAFRANCHIAN, -AGE.]
A self-contained group of houses and associated buildings, usu. in a country area; an inhabited place larger than a hamlet and smaller than a town. LME.
global village, lake village, post-village, street village, tent village, etc.
J. Purseglove The Warwickshire village of Barton near Stratford. D. M. Thomas It was scarcely a villagejust three or four houses and a church spire.
b. A large town or city, esp. London. joc. E19.
c. A small self-contained district or community within a city or town, regarded as having features characteristic of a village; spec. (the Village), Greenwich Village in New York. M19.
Harpers & Queen Hampsteadthe loveliest of London's historical 'villages'.
d. A minor municipality with limited corporate powers. US. L19.
e. A select suburban shopping centre. Austral. L20.
The inhabitants or residents of a village regarded as a community; the villagers. E16.
A small group or cluster of burrows of prairie dogs. Also village burrow. Cf. TOWN noun 7. E19.
Comb.: village burrow: see sense 3 above; village idiot a person of very low intelligence resident and well known in a village; transf. a very foolish or apparently simple-minded person; village pump a village's communal water pump (freq. allusively: cf. PARISH pump).
villagedom noun the condition or status of a village; the system of village communities: M19.
villageful noun as many as a village contains, the whole population of a village L19.
villagehood noun = villagedom L19.
villageless adjective L19.
village-like adjective resembling (that of) a village M19.
villaget noun (rare) a little village L18.
villageward(s) adverb in the direction of a village L19.
villagey adjective village-like L19.

instrumentation (sh)

In technology, the development and use of precise measuring, analysis, and control equipment.

Among the oldest known instruments of measurement was the armillary sphere, an astronomical instrument used in ancient China and Greece. The compass was a striking advance in navigational instrumentation made about the 11th century. Theodolites made accurate determination of locations possible in the 18th century. Instrumentation developed rapidly in the Industrial Revolution. Manufacturing required precision instruments, such as the screw micrometer, which could measure 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm). The industrial application of electricity required instruments to measure current, voltage, and resistance. Today most manufacturing processes rely on instrumentation for monitoring chemical, physical, and environmental properties. Instruments used in medicine and biomedical research are just as varied as those in industry. See also analysis.

Sites

Pest Star