hyaluronic acid (medicine) and drive(2) (iou)

hyaluronic acid (medicine)

hyaluronic acid
<biochemistry> Polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N acetyl glucosamine. May be of extremely high molecular weight (up to several million daltons) and forms the core of complex proteoglycan aggregates found in extracellular matrix.

drive(2) (iou)

drive verb. .

I. Force (a living being, a vehicle, etc.) to move on.
verb trans. Urge (animals, people) in some (usu. specified) direction by blows, shouts, etc. OE.
J. Buchan I helped to drive sheep to the local market.
a. verb trans. & intrans. Cause (animals, an enemy) to flee before one, esp. into an area where they can be captured or killed; cause (bees) to enter a new hive; Hist. impound a tenant's cattle in lieu of unpaid rent. ME.
Sir W. Scott Drive the fleet deer the forest through. J. Forbes To encircle the herd, and to await his signal to commence driving. J. Inglis The Indian jackal..can fight in an ugly way when driven into a corner. G. L. Harding The Muslims were driven back and their three great leaders..were killed.
b. verb trans. Search (an area) for game, cattle, etc.; clear (an area) of animals etc. LME.
verb trans. Compel to leave or go (out; to, from, out of a place). ME.
G. B. Shaw I am sent..to drive the English away from Orleans and from France. J. Steinbeck The sun..drove the fog headlong from the sky.
verb trans. Impel (a person etc.) powerfully and irresistibly; bring forcibly into or out of some state, or into the state of being (mad etc.). (Foll. by to do; to, into an action; into, out of, etc., a state.) ME.
O. Henry Driven by hunger, he had committed an onslaught upon a bottle of..infant's Food. Quiller-Couch His isolation..drove him to return the men's friendship. W. S. Churchill His foreign policy had driven the Scots into alliance with France. P. Tillich His anxiety does not drive him to the construction of imaginary worlds. R. Travers The death of his wife had driven Weller into a deep melancholia. G. Paley This place drives me nuts.
b. Urge on; force to work, esp. overwork. M17.
A. Wilson Young people need leading, not driving.
verb intrans. Ride hard on horseback. ME-L15.
a. verb trans. Orig., control and guide (a draught animal or the vehicle drawn). Now usu., operate and control the course of (a motor vehicle, locomotive, etc.). LME.
P. Goodman Kids of Other periods drove the horses at an early age; in rural places they drive cars at fourteen.
b. verb intrans. (Be competent to) drive a vehicle; drive a draught animal; Travel in a vehicle under one's control or direction; (of a vehicle) Travel under a driver's control. L16.
Sunday Express We drove back to her Home. M. Drabble She drives quite well. Times The Security van was..driving north in the inside lane.
c. verb trans. Convey or carry in a vehicle. M17.
M. Amis I offered to drive her Home in my powerful green car.
verb trans. fig. Direct (guilt, blame, etc.) on or upon a person. Now rare or obsolete. LME.
II. Impel (matter) by physical force.
verb trans. Cause (an object) to move by applying force to it; propel, carry or send along; N. Amer. & NZ guide the course of (timber floating downstream). OE.
C. M. Yonge Alice and I used to drive hoops. J. Conrad A ship may be 'driven ashore' by stress of weather.
b. Supply motive power for (machinery etc.), electrical power to (a device), or chemical power for (a reaction or phenomenon). L16.
N. Nicholson Every wagon of cold coal Is fire to drive a turbine wheel. Which? You will normally need a more powerful amplifier to drive a less efficient speaker. Scientific American The bioluminescence of fireflies..is driven by a sequence of chemical reactions.
a. verb trans. Impel forcibly; throw, hit; hit (a ball) hard; Cricket hit (the ball) with the bat swung freely downwards; hit a ball delivered by (a bowler) in this way; Tennis & Badminton etc., hit (the ball, the shuttlecock) with a freely swung racket; Golf hit (the ball) with a powerful stroke, esp. from a tee using a driver. OE.
b. verb intrans. Drive a ball (in Golf etc.); make a driving shot; (of a cricket bat) be suited to doing this. E19.
M. McCormack He missed from four feet after driving into the rough.
a. verb trans. Force by a blow or thrust (into, through, etc.); spec. force (a nail, stake, etc.) into or into a solid body by repeated blows. ME.
A. Ransome She..grabbed one of the big spades and drove it as hard as she could into the ground. J. Steinbeck His father set another nail and drove it in. A. Gray He..drove his fist hard into her stomach.
b. verb intrans. Of a nail etc.: go when driven. E18.
verb intrans. & trans. Aim (a blow or missile), strike, (at). Also let drive. LME.
Swift [He] let drive at us with a large folio. E. O'Neill He lets drive a terrific swing, his fist landing full on the..face.
verb trans. & intrans. Cause (a tunnel, cavity, etc.) to penetrate solid material; spec. bore (a tunnel) horizontally or nearly so. L15.
verb trans. Spread, or (formerly) beat, out thinly. Now only of colour painting. L15.
verb trans. Separate (feathers or down) by a current of air so that the lightest are driven off and may be collected. (Earlier as DRIVEN ppl adjective 2.) L17.
III. Maintain (a course).
verb trans. Carry on vigorously, engage in, practise, (a custom, trade, etc.); carry through, perform; bring to a conclusion, conclude, (a transaction). Also foll. by on, through. arch. exc. in drive a hard bargain below. OE.
Swift We drove on the war at a prodigious disadvantage. Ld Auckland The Portuguese princess spoke French sufficient to drive a conversation.
verb intrans. Advance quickly; come with violence; rush, hasten; work hard (at). OE.
W. Clubbe In swarms again they seek the Hive As fast as ever they can drive. T. Gray I have been driving away at the 'Flora', of late, very hard.
b. Play Music energetically or with a strong rhythm. colloq. M20.
J. Lennon I was rhythm guitarist...I can make a band drive.
a. verb trans. Move along, esp. with force, under the action of wind, a current, etc.; float along, drift. ME.
Longfellow A mist was driving down the British Channel. C. Francis Often ships would drive straight up on to the rocks.
b. verb intrans. fig. Proceed in a course; tend. LME.
IV. Other uses.
verb trans. & intrans. Protract, prolong, (time or occupation); put off, defer. Also foll. by off, out, on. ME.
verb trans. Live out, endure, (one's days, fate); experience (hardship, grief, etc.). Only in ME.
a. verb trans. & intrans. While away, pass, spend, (time). (Foll. by off, over, etc.) ME-E19.
b. verb intrans. Of time: pass away. LME-L18.
verb trans.
a. Conclude, infer, deduce. (Foll. by out.) LME-L17.
b. Derive from a source. M-L16.
verb trans. Fish with a drift-net. L17.
Phrases: drive a buck (of clothes) carry out buck-washing. drive a coach and horses through, drive a coach and six through: see COACH noun 1. drive a hard bargain be severe or uncompromising in making a bargain, settlement, etc. drive a quill, drive a pen write; work in an office. drive the centre, drive the cross, drive the nail US make a perfect shot, hit the centre of a target. drive the green Golf hit the ball from a tee on to the green. drive to the wall, drive up the wall: see WALL noun1. needs must when the devil drives: see DEVIL noun.
With adverbs & prepositions in specialized senses: drive at have as one's meaning or purpose (now usu. in rel. or interrog. clause with what). drive off (a) cause (liquid) to leave a solution as vapour, by heating; (b) leave in a vehicle; (c) Golf drive a ball from the tee. drive out (a) oust, take the place of, (a person); (b) Typography respace (type) to cover a larger area, move (type) forward to accommodate an insertion etc.; (c) see also senses 3, 22a above. drive over = drive out (b) above.
Comb.: drive-belt: that transmits torque; drive-by adjective & noun (designating) an action, esp. a shooting or murder, carried out from a passing vehicle; drive-by-wire adjective & noun (designating) a semi-automatic and typically computer-regulated system for controlling the engine, handling, suspension, etc. of a motor vehicle; drive-in adjective & noun (designating) a cinema, bank, restaurant, etc., that can be visited without getting out of one's car; drive-on adjective (of a ship) on to which a motor vehicle may be driven from land; drive shaft: that transmits torque; drive system Austral. a method of felling trees in hilly country by making one at the top of a hill topple on to others partly cut through; drive-through noun & adjective (chiefly N. Amer.) (a) noun a restaurant, shop, etc., with a window to which customers drive to be served; (b) adjective designating the window of a drive-through; (of a place) suitable for driving through; drivetrain the system in a motor vehicle which connects the transmission to the drive axles; drive-yourself adjective & noun (designating) a motor vehicle hired out and driven by the hirer.
driva'bility noun the capacity of a motor vehicle for being driven, esp. easily or economically L20.
drivable adjective able to be driven, suitable for driving M19.

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