See Also: Manley, Michael (Norman)(encyclopedia)
Hopkins, Gerard Manley(dictionary)
Hopkins, Gerard Manley(encyclopedia)
fiat(dictionary)
Fiat(law)
Fiat SpA(encyclopedia)
fiat(dictionary)
FIAT, practice(law)
Fiat Money(money)
Fiat Group(finance)

Fiat SpA (sh) and Manley, Michael (Norman) (sh)


Fiat SpA (sh)




International holding company and major Italian manufacturer of automobiles, trucks, and industrial vehicles and components.

In 1899 Giovanni Agnelli (1866-1945) founded the firm that was incorporated as Fiat in 1906; he led the firm until his death. His grandson Giovanni Agnelli (1921-2003) served as chairman from 1966 until 1996, when his title became honorary. Paulo Fresco was named chairman in 1998. In 1979 the corporation converted to a holding company; in 1986 it acquired the Sports-car manufacturer Alfa Romeo SpA. Among its automobile brands are Ferrari and Lancia.


Manley, Michael (Norman) (sh)




born Dec. 10, 1924, St. Andrew, Jam.
died March 6, 1997, Kingston

Jamaican political leader.

Son of a prime minister of Jamaica and a sculptor, Manley was a leader of the People's National Party and the National Worker's Union before becoming prime minister in 1972. His leftist government made significant improvements in housing, Education, and Health care, but a dramatic rise in oil prices precipitated an economic crisis. Much of the middle class fled the country, unemployment rose to 30%, and violence broke out in the run-up to the 1980 election, in which he was defeated. He was reelected in 1989, this time as a moderate; he stepped down in 1992 for Health reasons.